Peripheral facial nerve palsy refers to a lower motor neuron lesion of the facial nerve and can occur as a result of various medical conditions such as infection, cholesteatoma, trauma, malignancy, autoimmune issues, and pregnancy.

The most common disease causing peripheral facial nerve palsy is idiopathic Bell's palsy.  
Facial nerve palsy deserves a close examination of the medical history of the patient presenting alongside a physical examination. Through the medical history, the clinician should be able to identify possible causes of acute-onset facial paresis or paralysis. Sometimes investigations might be required like Laboratory testing, electrodiagnostic testing, imaging and radiologic testing. The treatment can include drugs like steroids, antiviral, surgical decompression, facial physiotherapy, eye care and muscle & nerve transfer for long-standing facial paralysis.